同理心評估工具之問題

1.   閱讀理解：However, Watson and Prosser (2002) note limitations of these measures: they reflect only some components of therapist empathy (e.g., Truax & Carkhuff, 1967), include assessment of client responses rather than focusing solely on therapist behavior (e.g., Elliott et al., 1982), or assess nonverbal behaviors that limit their application to videotaped or directly observed therapy sessions (e.g., Watson, 1999). 

              問題： 為什麼錄影帶不能看到非語言行為，反而是錄音帶可以???

       補充註記 Weingarten et al. (2001) 研究指出：
       1.Little information (<5%) was lost when using audiotape compared to videotape. 
       2.It was technically easier to assess the video recordings. 
       https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11687323

2.   閱讀理解：The therapist empathy scale (TES)共9項目，以7-point Likert-type scale評估 (1 = not at all, to 7 =extensively)，內文中只提到透過評估治療師聲音速度與語調來做判定，評分者會透過標準帶訓練去判定，但無法從論文中看出其判斷標準 (rating manual)?   

舉例題目：

l  A therapist conveys concern by showing a regard for and interest in the client. The therapist seems engaged and involved with the client and attentive to what the client has said. The therapist’s voice has a soft resonance that supports and enhances the client’s concerned expressions

l  A therapist’s voice demonstrates expressiveness when the therapist speaks with energy and varies the pitch of his or her voice to accommodate the mood or disposition of the client.

參考文獻：

Decker, S.E., Nich, C., Carroll, K.M., & Martino, S. (2014). Development of the Therapist Empathy Scale. Behavioural and cognitive psychotherapy, 42 3, 339-54 .


3. 因觀察型型評分法多為項目型指標，涵蓋項目不同，不知道應如何做整理或歸類?

4. 優缺點評估要點是否有需要修正方向?

優缺點評估要點

1.    測量面向：測量同理心面向之概念描述是否明確

2.    測量廣度：是否有測量到非語言行為

3.    推論性：可否使用在不同的心理治療計畫或方法(或有特殊情境需求)

4.    測量信效度：是否有心理計量特性驗證[再明確列出已做過的]

5.    題目設計：測驗項目是否涵蓋治療師行為表現之測量

6.    題目設計：測驗項目之內容描述是否客觀，無隱喻性說明